//ATR = 3B FD 11 18 00 B1 81 00 F1 20 4D 01 1F 01 88 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 CF

//Answer to reset data in units of characters (named 'character frame') for transmission

//

//----Prior to the transmission of a character, I/O shall be in state Z.

//----A character consists of ten consecutive bits:

//--------- a start bit in state A;

//--------- eight bits of information, designated ba to bh and conveying a data byte;

//--------- a tenth bit bi used for even parity checking.

//----During the answer to reset,The initial etu is 372/fi s where fi is in Hertz.

//----A data byte consists of 8 bits designated b1 to b8, from the least significant bit (lsb, b1) to the most significant bit (msb, b8).

//--------When searching for a start, the sampling time shall be less than 0.2 etu so that all the test zones are distinct from the transition zones.

//----The delay between two consecutives characters (between start leading edges) is at least 12 etu, including a character duration (10+/-0.2) etu plus a guardtime.

//----During the Answer to Reset, the delay between the start leading edges of two consecutives characters from the card shall not exeed 9600 etu.

//----------This maximum is named initial waiting time.

//----In the guardtime, the interface device and the card reamain both in reception, so that I/O is in state Z.

//----During the answer to reset,

//--------the following characters repetition procedure depends on the protocol type.

//--------This procedure is mandatory for cards using the protocol type T=0;

//--------it is optional for the interface device and for the other cards.

//--------The transmitter tests I/O (11+/-0.2) etu after the start leading edge:

//--------- If I/O is in state Z, the correct reception is assumed.

//--------- If I/O is in state A, the transmission is assumed to have been incorrect.

//--------The disputed character shall be repeated after a delay of at least 2 etu after detection of the error signal.

//------------------------------------------------------------

//----------<<<A reset operation results in the answer from the card consisting of the initial character TS

//--------------followed by at most 32 characters in the following order:>>>

//--         - T0 ................... Format character       (Mandatory) 

//--         - TAi, TBi, TCi, TDi ... Interface characters   (Optional)  

//--         - T1, T2, ... ,TK ...... Historical characters  (Optional)  

//--         - TCK .................. Check character        (Conditional)

//

//--     TS  : Initial character     

//--     TO  : Format character

//--     TAi : Interface character [ codes FI,DI ] 

//--     TBi : Interface character [ codes II,PI1 ]

//--     TCi : Interface character [ codes N ]     

//--     TDi : Interface character [ codes Yi+1, T ]

//--     T1, ... , TK : Historical characters (max,15)    

//--     TCK : Check character

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TS( The Initial character )         = 3B

//

//--- Direct convention : (Z)ZZAZZZAAZ

//----where logic level ONE is Z, ba is b1 (lsb first),

//----equal to 3B when decoded by direct convention.

//--- Inverse convention : (Z)ZZAAAAAZ

//----where logic level ONE is A, ba is b8 (msb is first),

//----equal to 3F when decoded by inverse convention.

//----This character means Direct convention, high level is 1, low level is 0, LSB first.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//T0( The Format character )          = FD

//--

//--Y1 : indicator for the presence of the interface characters

//--       TA1 is transmitted when b4=1  

//--       TB1 is transmitted when b5=1  

//--       TC1 is transmitted when b6=1  

//--       TD1 is transmitted when b7=1  

//--K : number of hitorical characters(0-15)   

//--           Informations provided by T0

//--T0 indicatd number of interface characters and historical characters

//----- The most significant half byte (b4, b5, b6, b7) is named Y1 and indicates

//-------- with a logic level ONE the presence of subsequent characters TA1, TB1, TC1, TD1 respectively.

//----- The least significant half byte (b3 to b0) is named K and indicates the number (0 to 15) of historical characters.

//--------The most significant half byte = F(  1 1 1 1  ) means indicate has these interface bytes  TA1 TB1 TC1 TD1

//--------------------( TA1, TB1, TC1, TA2, TB2 is global interface character，TC2 is Specific interface character )

//----The least significant half byte = D, indicates there are 13 historical bytes followed.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TA1                                 = 11

//----Means has advanced baudrate, expression is "baudrate = f / ( F / D )"

//------f is frequency of the reader, in common use f = 3571200 (HZ)

//--------The F obtained by 'the most significant half byte of TA1 (FI)' look-up table

//--------The D obtained by 'the least significant half byte of TA1 (DI)' look-up table

//----FI = 01 , Check the following table, then F = 372

//------

//----DI = 01 , Check the following table, then D = 1

//------

//----The recommended baudrate after reset is 9600

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TB1                                 = 18

//----TB1 is deprecated，bit 6-0 is used to represent card programming voltage and currentin early specifications

//------After the 2006 version, if TB1 appears, the value should be 0, indicating

//--------that the card does not use C6 to provide a programming voltage

//------The high bit of TB1 (8th bits) is reserved, shall be 0, and can be ignored by the reader

//----TB1 specify the Maximum programming current factor I(bit 6-5, base 0)

//--------and Maximum programming current voltage P(bit 4-0, base 0), defines the working state of VPP

//------

//--------bit 6, 5 = 0(  0 0  )

//--------bit 4-0 = 18(  1 1 0 0 0  )( 24 )

//----Programming voltage 0.0 V(TB2 present, indicate by TB2)，current 25 MA

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TC1                                 = 00

//----Indicate extra gurard time integer(N)

//------The Guard Time is the minimum delay between the leading

//--------edge of the previous character, and the leading edge of the next character sent.

//--------T = 15 Present

//--------N = 0(0x00)，extra guardtime EGT = 12 etu + N * etu indicated by TA1

//-------- = 12 etu + 0 * etu indicated by TA1

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TD1                                 = B1

//--TD1 : bit 7 - bit 4 indicator for the presence of the interface characters

//--       TA2 is transmitted when b4=1  

//--       TB2 is transmitted when b5=1  

//--       TC2 is transmitted when b6=1  

//--       TD2 is transmitted when b7=1  

//--    bit 3 - bit 0 : protocol

//--           Informations provided by TD1

//--------bit 7-4 = B(  1 0 1 1  ), means indicate has these interface bytes  TA2 TB2 TD2

//--------bit 3-0 = 1, means transmit protocol T = 1

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TA2                                 = 81

//---------- bits    1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

//--The presence of TA2 indicated card in special mode

//----TA2 bit 7( based 0 ) is 1, means unable to change the negotiable/specific mode

//----TA2 bit 4( based 0 ) is 0, means clock cycles as defined by TA1

//----The least significant half byte indicated the transmit protocol T = 1

//----special mode, card unable change the negotiable/specific mode, actual baudrate indicated by TA1, TA1 = 11 transmit protocol T = 01

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TB2                                 = 00

//----TB2 is global. The usage of TB2 is deprecated since the 2006 edition of the standard

//------which prescribes that cards should not include TB2 in the ATR

//------In the 1997 edition of the standard, TB2 (8th to 1st bit) encode PI2, which

//------when in range 50..250 (other values being RFU) encode VPP in increments of 0.1 V

//------and subsumes the coarser indication given by PI1 of TB1

//------Provision for TB2 did not exist in ISO/IEC 7816-3:1989

//----Programming voltage 0.0 V

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TD2                                 = F1

//--TD2 : bit 7 - bit 4 indicator for the presence of the interface characters

//--       TA3 is transmitted when b4=1  

//--       TB3 is transmitted when b5=1  

//--       TC3 is transmitted when b6=1  

//--       TD3 is transmitted when b7=1  

//--    bit 3 - bit 0 : protocol

//--           Informations provided by TD2

//--------bit 7-4 = F(  1 1 1 1  ), means indicate has these interface bytes  TA3 TB3 TC3 TD3

//--------bit 3-0 = 1, means transmit protocol T = 1

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TA3                                 = 20

//----TA3 indicates the Information Field Size for the ICC( IFSC )

//------TA3 between 01 - FE is effective, 00 and FF to reserved

//--------

//----The maximum length of information field under T = 1 is 32

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TB3                                 = 4D

//----TB3 indicate BWI and CWI under T = 1

//------bit 7-4 is BWI and bit 3-0 is CWI

//--------BWI indicated BWT, BWT is the maximum delay between the

//--------leading edge of the last character of the block received

//--------by the card and the leading edge of the first character of the next block transmitted by the card

//--------the default BWI = 4(range 0-9)

//--------BWT = 11 etu + ( 2^BWI * 960 * Fd / f )

//------------current BWI = 4(0x04)

//--------------Fd = 1, means 372 clocks

//--------------1 etu = 372.0 clocks

//----Block waiting time BWT = 11 + ( 2^4 * 960 * 372 ) / 372.0 = 15371.0 etu

//--------CWI indicated CWT, CWT is the maximum delay

//--------between the leading edges of two consecutive characters in the block

//----------the default CWI = 13(range 0-15)

//----------CWT = (11 + 2^CWI) etu

//------------current CWI = 13(0x0D)

//----Character waiting time CWT = 11 + 2^13 = 8203 etu

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TC3                                 = 01

//----T = 1 block transmit the error detection code

//------LRC longitudinal redundancy code

//--------xor from NAD to LRC inclusive shall give '00'

//------CRC cyclic redundancy code

//--------see ISO/IEC 13239

//----verify method is CRC cyclic redundancy code

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TD3                                 = 1F

//--TD3 : bit 7 - bit 4 indicator for the presence of the interface characters

//--       TA4 is transmitted when b4=1  

//--       TB4 is transmitted when b5=1  

//--       TC4 is transmitted when b6=1  

//--       TD4 is transmitted when b7=1  

//--    bit 3 - bit 0 : protocol

//--           Informations provided by TD3

//--------bit 7-4 = 1(  0 0 0 1  ), means indicate has these interface bytes  TA4

//--------bit 3-0 = F, means transmit protocol T = 15, T = 15 not transmit protocol, Only the type of global interface bytes is specified

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TA4                                 = 01

//----TA4 indicate clock stop and classes after T = 15

//------

//------

//----------bits   = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

//----bit 7,6 = 00, clock stop not support

//----bit 5-0 = 1, only A(5.0V)

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//88 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99

//----is history bytes

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//TCK                                 = CF

//--TCK correct